Load Analysis Cigarettes in Indonesia: Estimated Figures Cancer Pain Due to smoking and Years Lived With Disability (YLD)
ABSTRACT: Tobacco use is a well-established risk factor for many types of cancers. Many countries have estimated burdens of cancer attributed to smoking as scientific evidence of adverse effect of smoking. Indonesia, a developing country with the fourth highest number of smokers in the world, will bear high burden of cancer attributed to smoking. Research on estimation of the burden of cancer attributed to smoking has never been done in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to research on cancer burden attributed to smoking as scientific evidence burden of cancer attributed to smoking. Estimation of cancer burden in 2012 attributed to smoking use prevalence-based method. Indicators of cancer burden attributed to smoking are morbidity of cancer attributed to smoking and Years Lived with Disability (YLD). Morbidity of cancer attributed to smoking is estimated by multiplying the value of Smoking-Attributable Fraction (SAF) by the morbidity of cancer in Indonesia, which SAF value obtained by multiplying the prevalence of smoking in Indonesia by the relative risk of each cancer. YLD is estimated by multiplying morbidity of cancer attributed to smoking, disability weight, and duration of cancer. The highest SAF value both in men and women is in lung cancer (84,60%; 19,28%), larynx cancer (80,49%; 15,21%), and other pharynx cancer (79,90 %; 14,73%). The highest morbidity of cancer attributed to smoking is lung cancer (23. 229 cases), nasopharynx cancer (3.807 cases), and liver cancer (3.804). The highest YLD value is in lung cancer (294.369 person-years), nasopharynx cancer (43.848 person-years), and liver cancer (27.918 person-years). Lung cancer has the highest cancer burden attributed to smoking in Indonesia. Therefore, it is necessary to initiate stricter national tobacco control policies in Indonesia to reduce the burden of cancer attributed to smoking.
