Synergy COMBINED EFFECT OF FRACTION CONTAINING BRAZILEIN wooden cup (Caesalpinia sappan L.) with cisplatin IN BREAST CANCER CELLS AND T47D towards a cytotoxic effect INDUCED APOPTOSIS IN VITRO
ABSTRACT: Secang heartwood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) has been shown to have anticancer activity against various cancer cells. The compounds that responsible to act as anticancer are brazilin and brazilein. Brazilin, brazilein, and other compounds such as caesalpiniaphenol can affect the proteins that play a role in apoptosis. Therefore, further research is needed to develop C. sappan as co-chemotherapeutic agent of cisplatin in breast cancer. This study aims to examine the cytotoxic activity of fraction containing brazilein (FCB) single or in combination with chemotherapeutic agent cisplatin, as well as the ability of the combination to induce apoptosis in T47D breast cancer cell lines. The cytotoxicity assay of FCB and cisplatin single or combination performed by MTT assay, whereas the detection ability of apoptosis induction was conducted by flow cytometry using Annexin V-FITC and propidium iodide. The results of the study was determined by IC50 as FCB and cisplatin cytotoxicity parameters, combination index (CI) as a synergy parameter combinations, and the percentage of cells undergoing apoptosis population as a parameter of apoptosis induction that occurs in T47D cells. In cytotoxic test, cytotoxic effect of FCB on T47D cells was showed by IC50 value of 68 μg/mL, whereas the IC50 value of cisplatin was 16 μM. From the combination assay, most synergistic combination of FCB and cisplatin is the 1/2 IC50 concentration ratio with CI value 0.66. The combination was also able to induce apoptosis on T47D. It was showed by cell population was 13% larger than the single treatment. Therefore, FCB has cytotoxic effect on T47D cells, and able to increase the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin to induce apoptosis.
